During the 2nd millennium BC, the first civilizations that emerged in the Aegean Sea, the Minoan and the Mycenaean civilizations, used a syllabic writing to communicate. Later, in the 9th century BC, the Greeks got in touch with the Phoenicians and adapted the Phoenician alphabet to their language, creating the alphabetic writing. In the Greek alphabet we have vowels and consonants and each symbol corresponds to a sound.
Easier to learn, don't you think?
Firstly with tablets of wax and a stylus and later with papyrus and a reed pen, the Greeks wrote all kinds of texts: political speeches, poetry, philosophy, history, theater plays...